page 139 questions

1.

  • direct democracy: a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
  • classical art: values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion
  • tragedy: a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
  • comedy: scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
  • Pelopnnesion War: war between the two city states, Athens and Sparta
  • philosophers: great thinkers that were determined to seek the truth
  • Socrates: one of the Sophists who believed that absolute standards did not exist for truth or justice
  • Plato: a student of Socrates 
  • Aristotle: a philosopher that questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought,  and knowledge
2. His goal to hold and strengthen the empire has the greatest impact on the modern world because it created a great empire in Greece which spread to other countries, making many strong countries around the world.

3. Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries to strengthen democracy.

4. Athens strategy was to avoid land battle and strike Sparta on the sea. Sparta wanted to fight on land because they had a stronger army.

5. The Athenians may have found the ideas of Socrates disturbing because it was unlike anything that they had ever heard and it was against the law and they knew that punishment was harsh in those days.

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